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e-Government, m-Government

E-Government projects in various countries reach various levels. However, their goal is always the same – easy access to services of public administration. The globalizing society does not only concern national systems. Standardization also creates room for international interconnections, especially bringing services in the area of job market, security as well as tourism, education programs, culture, etc. From the opposite point of view, everyday needs of the population are first of all addressed by the services of local self-governments, especially in the area of providing up-to-date information about the given region or location, but also by providing services connected with the central bodies of public administration, institutions in other regions, or various agendas of private businesses. We are talking about G2G, G2B, G2C, but in all cases the principles of processing internal agendas are the same according to the public’s needs with subsequent secure communication of information, often in the form of personal data and legally binding documents.

Electronic access to information, or more commonly to e-services, is related to the notion of e-Government, especially in regards to access through computers and the Internet. However, the rapid development of mobile operators’ data services has made access to the Internet much easier, which creates room for m-Government – access to services of public administration by the means of mobile devices and mobile operators’ infrastructure. Typical services of m-Government are emergency information services, crisis management, public safety systems, inspection, social and health services, as well as various traffic warning and information systems, local weather forecast, etc. Other known applications in the world are m-Government solutions for electronic elections. However, solutions for active participation of the population in matters of public interest, e.g. in the area of life environment protection, security, crime fighting and prevention, etc. are equally important.

A common feature of all solutions for e-Government and m-Government is a high guarantee of authenticity, personal information protection as well as protection of persons, or, in general, protection against leakage or loss of important information. Typical elements of an e-Government infrastructure are solutions for processing documents with electronic signatures, their registration, long-term archiving as well as solutions for preparation of various identification documents, certificates, or other legally binding documents. A secure communication infrastructure provides guarantees that there will be no unauthorized access or modification of contents, unauthorized modification of the form of important information or documents, or threats to security of individuals, groups of population, or institutions.